"""
Created on Mon Apr 15 19:43:04 2019

Updated on Wed Jan 29 10:18:09 2020

@author: created by Sowmya Myneni and updated by Dijiang Huang
"""

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import tensorflow as tf
print("Num GPUs Available:", len(tf.config.list_physical_devices('GPU')))

import os
import multiprocessing

# Number of logical CPUs
num_cores = multiprocessing.cpu_count()
print(f"Number of CPU cores available: {num_cores}")

# Configure TensorFlow to use all available CPU cores
#tf.config.threading.set_intra_op_parallelism_threads(0)  # Use all intra-operation threads
#tf.config.threading.set_inter_op_parallelism_threads(0)  # Use all inter-operation threads

########################################
# Part 1 - Data Pre-Processing
#######################################

# To load a dataset file in Python, you can use Pandas. Import pandas using the line below
import pandas as pd
# Import numpy to perform operations on the dataset
import numpy as np

# Variable Setup
# Available datasets: KDDTrain+.txt, KDDTest+.txt, etc. More read Data Set Introduction.html within the NSL-KDD dataset folder
# Type the training dataset file name in ''
#TrainingDataPath='NSL-KDD/'
#TrainingData='KDDTrain+_20Percent.txt'
# Batch Size
BatchSize=10
# Epohe Size
NumEpoch=10

# Import dataset.
# Dataset is given in TraningData variable You can replace it with the file 
# path such as “C:\Users\...\dataset.csv’. 
# The file can be a .txt as well. 
# If the dataset file has header, then keep header=0 otherwise use header=none
# reference: https://www.shanelynn.ie/select-pandas-dataframe-rows-and-columns-using-iloc-loc-and-ix/
dataset_train = pd.read_csv('Training-a1-a3.csv', header=None)

dataset_train.info()

dataset_train.describe()

# Identify the column that contains the attack types
# Assuming the column with attack types is named based on the sample data ("neptune", "normal", etc.)
attack_column = dataset_train.columns[-2]  # Second last column seems to have attack types

# Calculate the frequency of each attack type
attack_distribution = dataset_train[attack_column].value_counts()

plt.figure(figsize=(10, 6))
attack_distribution.plot(kind='bar', logy=True)
plt.title('A1 and A3 Training Dataset Distribution of Attack Types')
plt.xlabel('Attack Type')
plt.ylabel('Frequency')
plt.xticks(rotation=45)
plt.tight_layout()
plt.show()

X_train = dataset_train.iloc[:, 0:-2].values
X_train

X_train.shape

label_column_train = dataset_train.iloc[:, -2].values
label_column_train

y_train = []
for i in range(len(label_column_train)):
    if label_column_train[i] == 'normal':
        y_train.append(0)
    else:
        y_train.append(1)

# Convert list to array
y_train = np.array(y_train)

y_train

y_train.shape

# Import dataset.
# Dataset is given in TraningData variable You can replace it with the file 
# path such as “C:\Users\...\dataset.csv’. 
# The file can be a .txt as well. 
# If the dataset file has header, then keep header=0 otherwise use header=none
# reference: https://www.shanelynn.ie/select-pandas-dataframe-rows-and-columns-using-iloc-loc-and-ix/
dataset_test = pd.read_csv('Testing-a2-a4.csv', header=None)

dataset_test.info()

dataset_test.describe()

# Identify the column that contains the attack types
# Assuming the column with attack types is named based on the sample data ("neptune", "normal", etc.)
attack_column = dataset_test.columns[-2]  # Second last column seems to have attack types

# Calculate the frequency of each attack type
attack_distribution = dataset_test[attack_column].value_counts()

plt.figure(figsize=(10, 6))
attack_distribution.plot(kind='bar', logy=True)
plt.title('A2 and A4 Testing Dataset Distribution of Attack Types')
plt.xlabel('Attack Type')
plt.ylabel('Frequency')
plt.xticks(rotation=45)
plt.tight_layout()
plt.show()

X_test = dataset_test.iloc[:, 0:-2].values
X_test

X_test.shape

label_column_test = dataset_test.iloc[:, -2].values
label_column_test

y_test = []
for i in range(len(label_column_test)):
    if label_column_test[i] == 'normal':
        y_test.append(0)
    else:
        y_test.append(1)

# Convert list to array
y_test = np.array(y_test)

y_test

# The following code work Python 3.7 or newer
from sklearn.preprocessing import OneHotEncoder
from sklearn.compose import ColumnTransformer
ct = ColumnTransformer(
     # The column numbers to be transformed ([1, 2, 3] represents three columns to be transferred)
    [('one_hot_encoder', OneHotEncoder(handle_unknown='ignore'), [1,2,3])],
    # Leave the rest of the columns untouched
    remainder='passthrough'
)
X_train = np.array(ct.fit_transform(X_train), dtype=np.float64)
X_test  = np.array(ct.transform(X_test) , dtype=np.float64)

X_train

X_train[0]

X_train.shape

X_test

X_test.shape

# Perform feature scaling. For ANN you can use StandardScaler, for RNNs recommended is 
# MinMaxScaler. 
# referece: https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/generated/sklearn.preprocessing.StandardScaler.html
# https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/preprocessing.html
from sklearn.preprocessing import StandardScaler
sc = StandardScaler()
X_train = sc.fit_transform(X_train)  # Scaling to the range [0,1]
X_test  = sc.fit_transform(X_test)

X_train

y_train

########################################
# Part 2: Building FNN
#######################################

# Importing the Keras libraries and packages
import keras
from keras.models import Sequential
from keras.layers import Dense, Input

# Initialising the ANN
# Reference: https://machinelearningmastery.com/tutorial-first-neural-network-python-keras/
classifier = Sequential()
classifier

# Adding the input layer and the first hidden layer, 6 nodes, input_dim specifies the number of variables
# rectified linear unit activation function relu, reference: https://machinelearningmastery.com/rectified-linear-activation-function-for-deep-learning-neural-networks/
# Adding the input layer with Input() and the first hidden layer
classifier.add(Input(shape=(len(X_train[0]),)))  # Input layer
classifier.add(Dense(units=6, kernel_initializer='uniform', activation='relu'))

# Adding the second hidden layer
classifier.add(Dense(units=6, kernel_initializer='uniform', activation='relu'))

# Adding the output layer
classifier.add(Dense(units=1, kernel_initializer='uniform', activation='sigmoid'))

# Compiling the ANN, 

# Gradient descent algorithm “adam“, Reference: https://machinelearningmastery.com/adam-optimization-algorithm-for-deep-learning/

# This loss is for a binary classification problems and is defined in Keras as “binary_crossentropy“, Reference: https://machinelearningmastery.com/how-to-choose-loss-functions-when-training-deep-learning-neural-networks/

classifier.compile(
    optimizer = 'adam', 
    loss = 'binary_crossentropy', 
    metrics = ['accuracy']
    )

# Fitting the ANN to the Training set
# Train the model so that it learns a good (or good enough) mapping of rows of input data to the output classification.
# add verbose=0 to turn off the progress report during the training
# To run the whole training dataset as one Batch, assign batch size: BatchSize=X_train.shape[0#]
#classifierHistory = classifier.fit(X_train, y_train, batch_size = BatchSize, epochs = NumEpoch)

classifier.save("fitted_FNN_model_SA.keras")  # Save the model in HDF5 format

# Save the history
#import json
#with open("fitted_FNN_model_history_SA.json", "w") as f:
#    json.dump(classifierHistory.history, f)

#from keras.models import load_model

#classifier = load_model("fitted_FNN_model_SA.keras")  # Load the saved model

# Load the history
#import json
#with open("fitted_FNN_model_history_SA.json", "r") as f:
#    classifierHistory = json.load(f)

classifier.summary()

from sklearn.metrics import classification_report

loss_train, accuracy_train = classifier.evaluate(X_train, y_train)

print('Print the training loss and the accuracy of the model on the dataset')
print('Loss [0,1]: {0:0.4f} Accuracy [0,1]: {1:0.4f}'.format(loss_train, accuracy_train))

loss_test, accuracy_test = classifier.evaluate(X_test, y_test)

print('Print the testing loss and the accuracy of the model on the dataset')
print('Loss [0,1]: {0:0.4f} Accuracy [0,1]: {1:0.4f}'.format(loss_test, accuracy_test))

########################################
# Part 3 - Making predictions and evaluating the model
#######################################

# Predicting the Test set results
y_pred = classifier.predict(X_test)
y_pred = (y_pred > 0.9)   # y_pred is 0 if less than 0.9 or equal to 0.9, y_pred is 1 if it is greater than 0.9

y_pred.shape

y_pred[:5]

y_test[:5]

# summarize the first 5 cases
for i in range(10):
    print('{} (expected {})'.format(y_pred[i], y_test[i]))

# Making the Confusion Matrix
# [TN, FP ]
# [FN, TP ]
from sklearn.metrics import confusion_matrix, ConfusionMatrixDisplay
cm = confusion_matrix(y_test, y_pred)
print('Print the Confusion Matrix:')
print('[ TN, FP ]')
print('[ FN, TP ]=')
print(cm)
print(classification_report(y_test, y_pred))
disp = ConfusionMatrixDisplay(confusion_matrix=cm, display_labels=['Normal', 'Attack'])
disp.plot()
plt.savefig('confusion_matrix_SA.png')
plt.show()

from sklearn.metrics import roc_curve, auc
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

# Generate probabilities
y_pred_prob = classifier.predict(X_test).ravel()

# Calculate ROC curve
fpr, tpr, thresholds = roc_curve(y_test, y_pred_prob)
roc_auc = auc(fpr, tpr)

# Plot ROC curve
plt.figure()
plt.plot(fpr, tpr, label=f'ROC Curve (AUC = {roc_auc:.2f})')
plt.plot([0, 1], [0, 1], 'k--')  # Random guess line
plt.xlabel('False Positive Rate')
plt.ylabel('True Positive Rate')
plt.title('Receiver Operating Characteristic')
plt.legend(loc='lower right')
plt.savefig('ROC_SA.png')
plt.show()

########################################
# Part 4 - Visualizing
#######################################

# Import matplot lib libraries for plotting the figures. 
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

# You can plot the accuracy
print('Plot the accuracy')
# Keras 2.2.4 recognizes 'acc' and 2.3.1 recognizes 'accuracy'
# use the command python -c 'import keras; print(keras.__version__)' on MAC or Linux to check Keras' version
plt.plot(classifierHistory.history['accuracy'], label='Training Accuracy')
#plt.plot(classifierHistory['accuracy'], label='Training Accuracy')
plt.title('model accuracy')
plt.ylabel('accuracy')
plt.xlabel('epoch')
plt.legend(loc='upper left')
plt.savefig('accuracy_sample_SA.png')
plt.show()

# You can plot history for loss
print('Plot the loss')
plt.plot(classifierHistory.history['loss'], label='Training Loss')
#plt.plot(classifierHistory['loss'], label='Training Loss')
plt.title('model loss')
plt.ylabel('loss')
plt.xlabel('epoch')
plt.legend(loc='upper left')
plt.savefig('loss_sample_SA.png')
plt.show()